A big challenge when growing raspberries is determining the right method of irrigation. Determining the right moments to water is important, but is often done on a hunch. Nowadays irrigation can be monitored and optimized with substrate sensors from Growficient. Grower Bart Mensen from Verpaalen Soft Fruit and soft fruit consultant Ad Hurks will tell us more about this.
Ad Hurks (Hurks Horti Consult) and Bart Mensen (Verpaalen Soft Fruit)
Challenges when growing raspberries
According to Ad Hurks, good raspberry cultivation starts with a good irrigation system and outlet water, as well as a well-buffered substrate, pots with sufficient drainage capacity, and high-quality plants. Ad is a consultant in all types of soft fruit in the soft fruit industry and is active in the sector worldwide. According to him, irrigation is very important in raspberry cultivation. An example would be making sure the crop is generative.
One way of doing this is through creating water stress. “But it all happens on intuition. And if that doesn't work, the plants remain vegetative, and you have to harvest later. Having a tool to monitor this most definitely helps”, according to Ad. “There are a number of things in cultivation that have to do with irrigation”. Moreover, according to Ad a solid fertilization schedule is also essential. He also emphasizes that irrigation makes up an important part of the ‘total game’ and that there are many factors that influence the way in which water should be given. According to Ad, having a good tool to monitor is therefore important, but he also mentions that this often happens based on intuition.
“The pot needs to lose its water before night time and, in the morning, you will have to start again at the moment the plant starts taking up water again”. This moment is often still determined based on intuition. Ad adds: “This way you immediately check if you did it right the day before. If it is too wet after the night, you will have to start later.” Inspection thus takes place afterward. Bart Mensen, raspberry cultivation manager at Verpaalen Soft Fruit, confirms this. They cultivate long canes and root blocks on 26 hectares. He agrees with Ad that it is important to start and stop watering at the right moment: “and to make sure that it is not too wet overnight, that way you keep the roots in a good condition”. Bart states that he mostly checks in the morning. “If I notice then that they are too wet, then I quit too late the day before and the other way around means I stopped too early. I should have continued longer or stopped earlier”. This is based on intuition and is only done after the fact. He also mentions: “In the past, there were times where I was surprised by the wind, especially at night. You get quite a shock in the morning” Bart states. “But you do learn how to respond to it”.
Growficient
Growficient supports growers by providing them with insights into the substrate, this way growers have more control and certainty about what exactly is happening in the substrate. Growficient helps growers to optimize their irrigation strategy and with it their crops. Through the use of substrate sensors, which are suitable for different types of substrates of soft fruits and greenhouse vegetables, the water level, EC, and the temperature of the substrate are monitored continuously.
Growficient is easy to use and creates a reliable insight by using multiple sensors per irrigation section. Because of the online dashboard, it is possible to always monitor the current situation - including at a distance.
Creating insights into raspberry substrate
At Verpaalen Soft Fruit, Bart Mensen has been using Growficient sensors in his raspberry cultivation for the second year running now. Ad Hurks was actively involved in this from the start. Bart states that the dashboard allows him to accurately determine the moments when the plant becomes active, and with it when watering should be started. “I have used the sensors the past year and we noticed that there was quite a big-time difference (sometimes up to an hour) between what we thought and what it was in reality.”, according to Bart. The morning activity can be recognized in the dashboard mostly by a sudden decrease in the water level of the substrate, which indicates that the plant has started to absorb.
Bart adds: “If you already start watering then, I assume the plant always wins a bit. If you start too late, the plant will never catch up”. Ad agrees with this. “Watering in time makes a big difference in growth”. He elaborates: “Also if you give smaller shots in long canes, it still makes a difference in growth, because the plants will be able to absorb more fertilizer. The insights the system offers are therefore of great importance. This system really helps cultivators improve, there is no doubt about that,” Ad states.
Advantages
Bart, therefore, indicates that they can gain a lot by starting at the right time in the morning based on the insights. Another advantage for him is having more certainty. “It gives you a bit of peace of mind.” Ad agrees: “For example, on Sundays people sometimes have something else to do. It provides some reassurance." It also sometimes saves Bart time: “Of course you still make your rounds, but on a Sunday or when it's busy, I check the dashboard and if I don't see anything crazy, I can postpone it for a while. In the future, if you can create a baseline, it could mean that I have to drive less during the week''.
Having a dashboard also offers other advantages. “The great advantage of having a dashboard is that multiple people can see it, even remotely,” says Ad. "It was the same with Bart in the beginning, we could both keep an eye on it and if I saw something, I called him." According to Ad, helping foreign growers is also easier. He can help them much better without having to go there. “With a number of Growficient sensors, a good fertilization scheme, and timely irrigation, drain and leaf analyses together with photos, I can support growers all over the world through online meetings.”
He also finds Growficient very useful for companies with multiple growers: "The moment you can visualize what you mean by using the dashboard, you can speak about it more easily, as well as reflect and benefit from each other's qualities. For example, you can look back a week to see what has been done in relation to the weather, and how this can be done better in the future." Learning from the data is, therefore, an important aspect, Bart acknowledges. He indicates: "If you were too late with watering once, you can look back and see what happened afterwards because apparently there was something that kept the plant active."
The insights from the dashboard thus form a basis from which you can learn. Ad and Bart also believe that it can help reduce the disease rate, especially root diseases such as pythium, phytophthora, and verticillium. When you over water, it will create problems,” Ad states. “In order to avoid this, the sensors definitely help”, Bart agrees.
Connecting the climate computer
Growficient is currently busy linking the system to the climate computer. In this way, the first steps are taken towards the ultimate goal: autonomous watering. Ad believes that autonomous cultivation and watering are becoming increasingly more current. “But I think that it is only possible with direct measurements of the substrate,” he states about autonomous watering. He indicates that you can, for example, also control radiation, but that this does not yet take into account the direct situation of the substrate.
“Everything that we can automate in a good way, in which processes go better and easier, is something that everyone wants,” Ad states. He does think that human control and having green thumbs remain indispensable. Bart also indicates that linking it to the climate computer would be a great scenario and he believes there is a future in it. “It would be really nice if this could work. But for this, trust in the system is important."
Growficient is currently working on the realization of these connections at Van den Elzen Plants and Thwan van Gennip, among others, in order to jointly take the first steps towards autonomous irrigation.
For more information:
Dirk Jan Mulder
Growficient
dirkjan@growficient.com
www.growficient.com
Ad Hurks
Hurks Horti Consult
06-11779983
info@hurkshorticonsult.nl
Stephan Verpaalen
Verpaalen Soft Fruit
info@verpaalen.eu
www.verpaalen.eu