African agriculture produces more food with less water
Countries in the Northwestern Maghreb-region are very much aware that their agriculture sector is facing more extreme droughts. The existing, mostly traditional, agriculture crops have only a very limited drought tolerance, so adaptation to new methods is inevitable.
More resilient and more productivity
At the COP22 this was marked by the launch of the Adaptation of African Agriculture (AAA), highlighting a sustainable increase in productivity and agricultural income, as well as adaptation and climate change resilience.
The new initiative aims to contribute to the roll-out of specific agricultural projects.
The launch shows that climate adaptation is gaining more momentum at the annual climate summit that used to focus only on the transition to renewable energy.
Holland pavilion at COP22 in Marrakech
Drastic reduction of agricultural water use
The Holland pavilion at the climate summit also addressed the drought risk for African farmers by showing two Dutch supported initiatives that can drastically reduce the amount of water used in farming.
At the pavilion Nicolaas Visser, agricultural counsellor for Northern Africa at the Embassy of the Kingdom of the Netherlands in Morocco, pointed out that both initiatives have a potential of up to 90% water reduction by efficiently delivering water directly to plants.
One of the initiatives is a greenhouse project near the Moroccan coastal city of Adagir. Together with the Moroccan ministry of agriculture the Dutch embassy is creating a centre of excellence in horticulture to pilot new innovative greenhouse technologies to increase the productivity per square meter.
Hydroponic cultivation
Together with the Wageningen University a greenhouse has been designed that specifically meets the local climate conditions with extreme temperature and decreasing water availability.
"Farmers are growing tomatoes in greenhouses that were originally designed for bananas", says Visser. "By introducing circular substrate, we think we can reduce the water from 40 liters of water per kilogram tomatoes to only 4 liters".
The construction of the first 1 ha greenhouse is expected to start early next year. "It will be a demonstration greenhouse so we can optimize the inside growing conditions to local circumstances", Visser adds.
The second initiative shown at the Holland pavilion at the COP22 is the El Oued sustainable water project for potato production in Algeria.
Nico Visser explaining the unique 'fertigation' method to be used to grow potatoes in Algeria
Underground fertigation
"Algeria is importing potatoes and is interested in smart methods to increase their own national production", Visser explains. "Currently their potatoes are grown in ten thousands of 1 ha circular pivot irrigated fields that use groundwater from an ancient underground aquifer. Nobody knows to what extend the water withdrawal influences the aquifer."
With support from the Dutch government a project has started to replace the current potato cultivation with a totally new method, combining underground fertilisation and irrigation.
The underground irrigation delivers the water closely to the roots of the potato plant. This limits the current water loss due to evaporation.
"In the Netherlands a machine has been developed that can create a ridge, plant the potato and bury the drip drain. All in one go", Visser continues.
Mid-2017 the first plot of 5 ha is expected to be constructed. Visser expects a water saving of 80 percent.
The Holland pavilion shows a real greenhouse with hydroponic cultivation. A group of Dutch suppliers is present as the Desert Growing collective for the turnkey delivery of greenhouses in this water scarce North African region.
For more information:
Dutch embassy in Maroc
Rabat, the Netherlands
+212 537 219 600
www.maroc.nlambassade.org (in French)
Desert Growing
Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
+966 1477 6700
www.desertgrowing.com